Tactile sensation
An experienced clinician, armed with an accurate preoperative parallel radiograph, can often feel the apical constriction with a fine instrument. If tactile sensation is in accord with the estimated length, further confirmation may not be necessary.
An experienced clinician, armed with an accurate preoperative parallel radiograph, can often feel the apical constriction with a fine instrument. If tactile sensation is in accord with the estimated length, further confirmation may not be necessary.